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Episodes of vasovagal syncope are typically recurrent and usually occur when the predisposed person is exposed to a specific trigger. Before losing consciousness, the individual frequently experiences early signs or symptoms such as lightheadedness, nausea, the feeling of being extremely hot or cold (accompanied by sweating), ringing in the ears, an uncomfortable feeling in the heart, fuzzy ...
Aortocaval compression syndrome, also known as supine hypotensive syndrome, is compression of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus when a pregnant woman lies on her back, i.e. in the supine position.
Associated symptoms may be felt in the minutes leading up to a vasovagal episode and are referred to as the prodrome. These consist of light-headedness, confusion, pallor, nausea, salivation, sweating, tachycardia, blurred vision, and sudden urge to defecate among other symptoms. [9] Vasovagal syncope can be considered in two forms:
Orthostatic hypotension can be a side effect of certain antidepressants, such as tricyclics [23] or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) [24] Alcohol can potentiate orthostatic hypotension to the point of syncope. [25] Orthostatic hypotension can also be a side effect of alpha-1 blockers (alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents).
The use of valproate for migraine or bipolar disorder during pregnancy is contraindicated in the European Union, Australia, [25] New Zealand, [26] the UK [27] and the United States, and the medicines are not recommended for epilepsy during pregnancy unless there is no other effective treatment available. [28]
The diagnostic criterion for pre-eclampsia is high blood pressure, occurring after 20 weeks gestation or during the second half of pregnancy. [1] Most often it occurs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and may occur before, during, or after delivery. [1] The seizures are of the tonic–clonic type and typically last about a minute. [1]
DES gained notoriety when it was shown to cause a rare vaginal tumor in girls and young women who had been exposed to this drug in utero.In 1971, the New England Journal of Medicine published a report showing that seven of eight girls and young women (ages 14 to 22) who had been diagnosed with vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma had been exposed prenatally to DES. [5]
The vagovagal reflex is active during the receptive relaxation of the stomach in response to swallowing of food (prior to it reaching the stomach). When food enters the stomach a "vagovagal" reflex goes from the stomach to the brain, and then back again to the stomach causing active relaxation of the smooth muscle in the stomach wall.