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The proximity effect in audio is an increase in bass or low frequency response when a sound source is close to a directional or cardioid microphone. [1] [2] Proximity effect is a change in the frequency response of a directional pattern microphone that results in an emphasis on lower frequencies. It is caused by the use of ports to create ...
The cardioid is effectively a superposition of an omnidirectional (pressure) and a figure-8 (pressure gradient) microphone; [49] for sound waves coming from the back, the negative signal from the figure-8 cancels the positive signal from the omnidirectional element, whereas, for sound waves coming from the front, the two add to each other ...
Directional microphones are used in live sound to maximize GBF. Directional microphones with cardioid and hypercardioid pickup patterns are designed with reduced sensitivity to the rear (cardioid) or to an angle between the side and the rear (hypercardioid). [1] Such microphones are aimed such that their pickup pattern is weakest in the ...
Boundary microphone (Audio-Technica ATM87R) A boundary microphone (or pressure zone microphone) is one or more small omnidirectional or cardioid condenser mic capsule(s) positioned near or flush with a boundary (surface) such as a floor, table, or wall. The capsule(s) is/are typically mounted in a flat plate or housing.
Sound from an array spreads less than sound from a point source, by the Huygens–Fresnel principle applied to diffraction.. While a large loudspeaker is naturally more directional because of its large size, a source with equivalent directivity can be made by utilizing an array of traditional small loudspeakers, all driven together in-phase.
Alternatively, backward facing cardioid microphones can be placed closer to the front array for a similar reverberation pickup. [26] The INA-5 (Ideal Cardioid Arrangement) is a surround microphone array that uses five cardioid microphones resembling the angles of the standardized surround loudspeaker configuration defined by the ITU Rec. 775. [26]