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A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area ) is proportional to the quantity it represents.
A circle with five chords and the corresponding circle graph. In graph theory, a circle graph is the intersection graph of a chord diagram.That is, it is an undirected graph whose vertices can be associated with a finite system of chords of a circle such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords cross each other.
Chord diagrams are conventionally visualized by arranging the objects in their order around a circle, and drawing the pairs of the matching as chords of the circle. The number of different chord diagrams that may be given for a set of 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} cyclically ordered objects is the double factorial ( 2 n − 1 ) ! ! {\displaystyle (2n ...
[1]: 131 For example, circles may be used to show the location of cities within the map, with the size of each circle sized proportionally to the population of the city. Typically, the size of each symbol is calculated so that its area is mathematically proportional to the variable, but more indirect methods (e.g., categorizing symbols as ...
William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823) was a Scottish engineer and political economist.The founder of graphical methods of statistics, [1] Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. [2]
Common lines and line segments on a circle, including a chord in blue. A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line.
A given graph is a circle graph if and only if each of the quotients of its split decomposition is a circle graph, so testing whether a graph is a circle graph can be reduced to the same problem on the prime quotient graphs of the graph. More, when a circle graph is prime, the combinatorial structure of the set of chords representing it is ...
a fan (a segment of a circle) which indicates the quartiles; two feathers which indicate the extreme values. The scale on the circular line begins at the left with the starting value (e. g. with zero). The following values are applicated clockwise. The white tail of diameter indicates the median.