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Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.
The deinstitutionalization movement started off slowly but gained momentum as it adopted philosophies from the Civil Rights Movement. [1] During the 1960s, deinstitutionalization increased dramatically, and the average length of stay within mental institutions decreased by more than half. [ 1 ]
Former Berlin Pankow orphanage. Deinstitutionalisation is the process of reforming child care systems and closing down orphanages and children's institutions, finding new placements for children currently resident and setting up replacement services to support vulnerable families in non-institutional ways.
Only half of the proposed centers were ever built; none was fully funded, and the act didn't provide money to operate them long-term. Some states closed expensive state hospitals, but never spent money to establish community-based care. Deinstitutionalization accelerated after the adoption of Medicaid in 1965. During the Reagan administration ...
Individuals who suffer from institutional syndrome can face several kinds of difficulties upon returning to the community. The lack of independence and responsibility for patients within institutions, along with the 'depressing' [6] and 'dehumanizing' [7] environment, can make it difficult for patients to live and work independently.
Deinstitutionalization gradually occurred in the West, with isolated psychiatric hospitals being closed down in favor of community mental health services. However, inadequate services and continued social exclusion often led to many being homeless or in prison. [79] A consumer/survivor movement gained momentum.