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Federal agencies with no existing planning processes are required to adopt the IPS. The IPS does not supersede any existing state, local, and tribal planning processes. However, it is the standard planning system that the Federal Government will use for scenario-based planning. The IPS is compatible with many existing planning systems.
Scenario planning is as much art as science, and prone to a variety of traps (both in process and content) as enumerated by Paul J. H. Schoemaker. [14] More recently scenario planning has been discussed as a tool to improve the strategic agility, by cognitively preparing not only multiple scenarios but also multiple consistent strategies. [10]
Kemp, Roger L. "Strategic Planning for Local Government: A Handbook for Officials and Citizens," McFarland and Co., Inc., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, England, UK, 2008 (ISBN 978-0-7864-3873-0) Kvint, Vladimir (2009) The Global Emerging Market: Strategic Management and Economics Excerpt from Google Books
The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) (Pub. L. 103–62) is a United States law enacted in 1993, [1] one of a series of laws designed to improve government performance management. The GPRA requires agencies to engage in performance management tasks such as setting goals, measuring results, and reporting their progress.
In general, the IMP is a top-down planning tool and the IMS as the bottom-up execution tool. The IMS is a scheduling tool for management control of program progression, not for cost collection purposes. [10] An IMS would seek general consistency and a standardized approach to project planning, scheduling and analysis.
Assumption-based planning methods include: Critical assumption planning (CAP) by D. Dunham & Co. [2] Assumption-based planning by RAND : raises the visibility of make-or-break uncertainties common to new ventures by forcing managers to admit what they don't know. Discovery-Driven Planning by Rita Gunther McGrath and Ian C. MacMillan. [3] [4]
For strategic planning to work, it needs to include some formality (i.e., including an analysis of the internal and external environment and the stipulation of strategies, goals and plans based on these analyses), comprehensiveness (i.e., producing many strategic options before selecting the course to follow) and careful stakeholder management ...
Soldiers training for a worst-case scenario prepare for a simulated underwater helicopter crash. A worst-case scenario is a concept in risk management wherein the planner, in planning for potential disasters, considers the most severe possible outcome that can reasonably be projected to occur in a given situation.