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A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
In catalytic converters used on automobiles, the combustion of leaded gasoline produces elemental lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(II) chloride, and lead(II) bromide. Lead alloys with the metals present in the catalyst, while lead oxides and halides coat the catalyst's surfaces, reducing the converter's ability to reduce NOx emissions.
If there is more NO than NO 2, fast SCR and standard SCR take place sequentially. If there is more NO 2 than NO, fast SCR and NO 2 SCR take place sequentially, however, NO 2 SCR is slower than standard SCR, and ammonium nitrate can form and temporarily deactivate the catalytic converter. [15]
A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.
Unlike a catalytic converter which is a flow-through device, a DPF retains bigger exhaust gas particles by forcing the gas to flow through the filter material before exiting; [2] [29] however, the DPF does not retain small particles. Maintenance-free DPFs oxidise or burn larger particles until they are small enough to pass through the filter ...
List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines.The compression-ignition diesel engines listed below were formerly used by various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group, [1] and also in Volkswagen Marine [2] and Volkswagen Industrial Motor [3] applications, but are now discontinued.
Commercial selective catalytic reduction systems are typically found on large utility boilers, industrial boilers, and municipal solid waste boilers and have been shown to lower NO x emissions by 70-95%. [1] Applications include diesel engines, such as those found on large ships, diesel locomotives, gas turbines, and automobiles.
[11] [14] The codes on catalytic converters identify the make, model and place of origin of catalytic converters, which in turn identify their value, due to variation in state emission laws. [ 11 ] [ 18 ] As an example, GD3 EA6 denotes a Toyota Prius manufactured between 2004 and 2009; [ 11 ] [ 14 ] at the peak of the PRP metal prices, its high ...