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Wood-plastic composite. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are composite materials made of wood fiber/wood flour and thermoplastic(s) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polylactic acid (PLA). In addition to wood fiber and plastic, WPCs can also contain other ligno-cellulosic and/or inorganic filler materials.
It has good chemical and heat resistance, high gloss, good antistatic properties, and is tough and rigid. It is used in applications requiring weatherability, e.g. commercial siding, outside parts of vehicles, or outdoor furniture. [4] ASA is compatible with some other plastics, namely polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate. ASA-PVC compounds are ...
Other applications, including polycarbonate sheets, may have the anti-UV layer added as a special coating or a coextrusion for enhanced weathering resistance. Polycarbonate is also used as a printing substrate for nameplate and other forms of industrial grade under printed products. The polycarbonate provides a barrier to wear, the elements ...
Toughness is the strength with which the material opposes rupture. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. This measure of toughness is different from that used for fracture toughness, which describes the capacity of materials to resist fracture. [2]
The core material is normally low strength material, but its higher thickness provides the sandwich composite with high bending stiffness with overall low density. [34] [35] Wood is a naturally occurring composite comprising cellulose fibres in a lignin and hemicellulose matrix. [36]
In the paint and coating industries, paint adhesion testing is often used to determine if the paint or coating will adhere properly to the substrates to which they are applied. Several tests measure the resistance of paints and coatings from substrates: cross-cut test, scrape adhesion, pull-off test , and others.
Duplex stainless steel is widely used in industry because it possesses excellent oxidation resistance, but it can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size and embrittlement tendencies at temperatures ranging from 280 to 500 °C, especially at 475 °C, where spinodal decomposition of the supersaturated solid ferrite solution ...
Tensile strength is the most used method to evaluate filler materials. The tensile strength of the composite can be calculated using the equation σ c = σ p (1-aΦ b f +cΦ f d) [13] where σ c = tensile strength of composite σ p = tensile strength of polymer matrix Φ f = volume fraction of filler