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An overlapping hierarchy is a branching hierarchy in which at least one object has two parent objects. [2] For example, a graduate student can have two co-supervisors to whom the student reports directly and equally, and who have the same level of authority within the university hierarchy (i.e., they have the same position or tenure status).
A hierarchical organization or hierarchical organisation (see spelling differences) is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity. [1] This arrangement is a form of hierarchy. In an organization, this hierarchy usually consists of a singular/group of power at the top ...
Dominance hierarchy. A high-ranking male mandrill advertises his status with bright facial coloration. [1] In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.
The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Chomsky theorized that four ...
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human ...
An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. [1] Organizational structure affects organizational action and provides the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. It determines which individuals get ...
Moral hierarchy. A moral hierarchy is a hierarchy by which actions are ranked by their morality, with respect to a moral code. It also refers to a relationship – such as teacher/pupil or guru /disciple – in which one party is taken to have greater moral awareness than the other; [1] or to the beneficial hierarchy of parent/child or doctor ...
An organizational chart, also called organigram, organogram, or organizational breakdown structure (OBS), is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of ...