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The ABC model of flower development is a scientific model of the process by which flowering plants produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower. There are three physiological developments that must occur in order for this to take place: firstly, the ...
Mutation breeding. Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as " variation breeding ", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes [1][2] in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.
Mutations can involve the duplication of large sections of DNA, usually through genetic recombination. [10] These duplications are a major source of raw material for evolving new genes, with tens to hundreds of genes duplicated in animal genomes every million years. [11] Most genes belong to larger gene families of shared ancestry, detectable ...
Homeosis. In evolutionary developmental biology, homeosis is the transformation of one organ into another, arising from mutation in or misexpression of certain developmentally critical genes, specifically homeotic genes. In animals, these developmental genes specifically control the development of organs on their anteroposterior axis. [1]
Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1][2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics but differs ...
Outcrossing in plants is usually enforced by self-incompatibility. The primary adaptive function of flowers is the facilitation of outcrossing, a process that allows the masking of deleterious mutations in the genome of progeny. The masking effect of outcrossing is known as genetic complementation, [3] an effect also recognized as hybrid vigor ...
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms, and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation.
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals [1] or the differences between populations among the same species. [2] The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. [3] Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as well.