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Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [ 5 ] Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [ 1 ] Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [ 1 ]
Frequency. 1 per 1000 people [8] Pernicious anemia is a disease where not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B 12. [5] Those affected often have a gradual onset. [5] The most common initial symptoms are feeling tired and weak. [4]
Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome. This condition is inherited via an autosomal recessive manner. Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive, familial form of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by malfunction of the "Cubam" receptor located in the terminal ileum. This receptor is composed of two proteins, amnionless (AMN), and cubilin.
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes symptoms like fatigue, sore tongue, constipation, and confusion. B12 deficiency is caused by a lack of dietary B12 or pernicious anemia, which affects B12 absorption.
The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils is an important diagnostic feature of megaloblastic anaemias. Hypersegmentation can also be seen in many other conditions but with relatively less diagnostic significance. Hypersegmentation can sometimes be difficult to assert since interobserver variation is high and segmentation may vary with race.
[6] [14] [25] Vitamin B 12 deficiency can also cause symptoms of mania and psychosis. [26] [27] Among other problems, weakened immunity, reduced fertility and interruption of blood circulation in women may occur. [28] The main type of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is pernicious anemia, [29] characterized by a triad of symptoms:
Neurology. Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, also known as myelosis funiculus, or funicular myelosis, [1] also Lichtheim 's disease, [2][3] and Putnam-Dana syndrome, [4] refers to degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord as a result of vitamin B 12 deficiency (most common).
Intrinsic factor (IF), cobalamin binding intrinsic factor, [5] also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells (in humans) or chief cells (in rodents) of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 12 later on in the distal ileum of the small intestine. [6]