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  2. Slipped strand mispairing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped_strand_mispairing

    Slipped strand mispairing is one explanation for the origin and evolution of repetitive DNA sequences. [1] It is a form of mutation that leads to either a trinucleotide or dinucleotide expansion, or sometimes contraction, during DNA replication. [2] A slippage event normally occurs when a sequence of repetitive nucleotides (tandem repeats) are ...

  3. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    The replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication. It is produced by enzymes called helicases that break the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA strands together in a helix. The resulting structure has two branching "prongs", each one made up of a single strand of DNA.

  4. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    In virology, the term transcription is used when referring to mRNA synthesis from a viral RNA molecule. The genome of many RNA viruses [a] is composed of negative-sense RNA which acts as a template for positive sense viral messenger RNA - a necessary step in the synthesis of viral proteins needed for viral replication.

  5. Prokaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotic_DNA_replication

    Prokaryotic DNA replication. Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. [1] Although it is often studied in the model organism E. coli, other bacteria show many similarities. [2] Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of ...

  6. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome. DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary ...

  7. Frameshift mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frameshift_mutation

    The translation process. After DNA replication, the reading of a selected section of genetic information is accomplished by transcription. [1] Nucleotides containing the genetic information are now on a single strand messenger template called mRNA. The mRNA is incorporated with a subunit of the ribosome and interacts with an rRNA. The genetic ...

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