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They eat small schooling fish, mainly mullet, sardines, pilchards and anchovies, [9] and sometimes crustaceans.They play a role in regulating the populations of the marine species they consume. At the same time, the adult Galápagos penguins are a food source for other predators such as sharks and whales.
Penguin positions in breeding colonies are highly stable over weeks and appear regularly spaced. [46] The king penguin feeds its chicks by eating fish, digesting it slightly, and regurgitating the food into the chick's mouth. Because of their large size, king penguin chicks take 14–16 months before they are ready to go to sea.
Magellanic penguins do not experience a severe shortage of food like the Galapagos penguins, because they have a consistent food supply being located on the Atlantic coast of South America. The presence of the large continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean lets Magellanic penguins forage far from their breeding colony.
They are capable of reaching speeds up to 36 km (about 22 miles) per hour while searching for food or escaping from predators. They are also able to dive to depths of 170–200 meters (about 560–660 feet). [46] The small penguins do not usually dive deep; they catch their prey near the surface in dives that normally last only one or two minutes.
Many of the 60 penguins have food-themed names, including Pudding, Whopper, and Lamingtons. Pesto gets fed about eight fish, four times a day – more than 30 fish a day – twice as many as the ...
Adélie penguins are identified and weighed each time they cross the automated weighbridge on their way to or from the sea. [46] Adelie penguins after a blizzard at Cape Denison, 1912 Adélie penguins living in the Ross Sea region in Antarctica migrate an average of about 13,000 kilometres (8,100 mi) each year as they follow the sun from their ...
They use a complex set of calls that are critical to individual recognition between mates, parents and offspring, [12] displaying the widest variation in individual calls of all penguin species. [23] Vocalizing emperor penguins use two frequency bands simultaneously. [24] Chicks use a frequency-modulated whistle to beg for food and to contact ...
They also eat squid and myctophid fish. [2] [3] Rockhopper penguins consume more krill than they do fish; their diet changes during migration and as the seasons change. [3] Rockhopper penguins can be at sea for several days while hunting. They can dive up to 330 feet (100 m) for many minutes at a time while searching for prey. [2]