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Krytox is a fluorether-based vacuum grease, useful from −75 to over 350 °C, not flammable even in liquid oxygen, and highly resistant to ionizing radiation. Polyphenyl ether greases; Torrlube, a brand encompassing a range of lubricating oils based on perfluoropolyethers. [6]
Vacuum grease is a lubricant with low volatility and is used for applications in low pressure environments. Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems: Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems:
The sorption pump is a vacuum pump that creates a vacuum by adsorbing molecules on a very porous material like molecular sieve which is cooled by a cryogen, typically liquid nitrogen. The ultimate pressure is about 10 −2 mbar. With special techniques this can be lowered till 10 −7 mbar.
In the field of oil regeneration and re-refining, vacuum pumps create a low vacuum for oil dehydration and a high vacuum for oil purification. [44] A vacuum may be used to power, or provide assistance to mechanical devices. In hybrid and diesel engine motor vehicles, a pump fitted on the engine (usually on the camshaft) is used to produce a vacuum.
The second most common sealant liquid is oil. Since oil has a very low vapor pressure, oil-sealed liquid-ring vacuum pumps are typically air-cooled. For dry chlorine gas applications, concentrated sulfuric acid is used as the sealant. The ability to use any liquid allows the liquid-ring vacuum pump to be ideally suited for solvent (vapor) recovery.
Pumps that use oil either as their working fluid (diffusion pumps), or as their lubricant (mechanical rotary pumps), are often the sources of contamination in vacuum systems. Placing a cold trap at the mouth of such a pump greatly lowers the risk that oil vapours will backstream into the cavity.