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Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
The nerve roots from L4–S4 join in the sacral plexus which affects the sciatic nerve, which travels caudally (toward the feet). Compression, trauma or other damage to this region of the spinal canal can result in cauda equina syndrome. [citation needed] The symptoms may also appear as a temporary side-effect of a sacral extra-dural injection. [9]
Cauda equina syndrome, a rare disorder affecting the bundle of nerve roots (cauda equina) at the lower (lumbar) end of the spinal cord, is a surgical emergency. [3] Cauda equina syndrome occurs when the nerve roots in the lumbar spine are compressed, disrupting sensation and movement. [4]
Superior cluneal nerve dysfunction is a clinical diagnosis that can be supported by diagnostic nerve blocks. [ 1 ] The superior cluneal nerves were first described by Maigne et al. in 1989 as a source of low back pain.
It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2] It is usually positive for L2-L3 and L3-L4 (high lumbar) disc protrusions, slightly positive or negative in L4–L5 disc protrusions, and negative in cases of lumbosacral disc protrusion. [3]
The third lumbar spinal nerve (L3) [3] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 3 (L3). L3 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L3. They may be innervated with L3 as single origin, or be innervated partly by L3 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: quadratus lumborum ...
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) originates from the lumbar plexus and contains fibers from lumbar nerves L2 and L3. [7] [4] [2] [3] The LFCN then traverses to the lateral border of the psoas major muscle, crosses the iliacus muscle, and continues to the anterior superior iliac spine (bony landmark).
Moderate to severe spinal stenosis at the levels of L3/4 and L4/5 [further explanation needed] The diagnosis of spinal stenosis involves a complete evaluation of the spine. The process usually begins with a medical history and physical examination. X-ray and MRI scans are typically used to determine the extent and location of the nerve compression.