Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Solid-state ionic devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells, can be much more reliable and long-lasting, especially under harsh conditions, than comparable devices with fluid electrolytes. [1] The field of solid-state ionics was first developed in Europe, starting with the work of Michael Faraday on solid electrolytes Ag 2 S and PbF 2 in 1834.
This is a solid solution between Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 3 PO 4. This solid solution can be formed over the whole composition range at room temperature. The highest ionic conductivity are achieved at compositions of Li 3.5 Si 0.5 P 0.5 O 4 and Li 3.4 Si 0.4 P 0.6, with conductivity on the order of 10 −6 S/cm.
A solid with extensive hydrogen bonding will be considered a molecular solid, yet strong hydrogen bonds can have a significant degree of covalent character. As noted above, covalent and ionic bonds form a continuum between shared and transferred electrons; covalent and weak bonds form a continuum between shared and unshared electrons.
Ionic bonds have high bond energy. Bond energy is the mean amount of energy required to break the bond in the gaseous state. Most ionic compounds exist in the form of a crystal structure, in which the ions occupy the corners of the crystal. Such a structure is called a crystal lattice.
An example of an ionomer, with carboxylate groups bound to a zinc cation. An ionomer (/ ˌ aɪ ˈ ɑː n ə m ər /) (iono-+ -mer) is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and ionized units covalently bonded to the polymer backbone as pendant group moieties.
Phosphate-based materials with a NASICON crystal structure, especially LATP and LAGP, are good candidates as solid-state electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, [16] even if their average ionic conductivity (≈10 −5 - 10 −4 S/cm) is lower compared to other classes of solid electrolytes like garnets and sulfides. [15]
The use of a hydrate or an amorphous phase as an intermediate during synthesis in a solid-state route has proven successful in forming a cocrystal. Also, the use of a metastable polymorphic form of one cocrystal former can be employed. In this method, the metastable form acts as an unstable intermediate on the nucleation pathway to a cocrystal.
Solid-state chemistry, also sometimes referred as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials.It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterization.