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Parents can use Piaget's theory in many ways to support their child's growth. [77] Teachers can also use Piaget's theory to help their students. For example, recent studies have shown that children in the same grade and of the same age perform differently on tasks measuring basic addition and subtraction accuracy. [78]
Jean William Fritz Piaget (UK: / p i ˈ æ ʒ eɪ /, [1] [2] US: / ˌ p iː ə ˈ ʒ eɪ, p j ɑː ˈ ʒ eɪ /; [3] [4] [5] French: [ʒɑ̃ pjaʒɛ]; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called genetic ...
Through observations of children, Jean Piaget established a theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development there are four stages of cognitive development. [8] [9] Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 24 Months) Preoperational Stage (24 Months to 7 Years) Concrete Operational Stage (7 Years to 12 Years)
Other researchers, in multiple disciplines, had studied development in children before, but Piaget is often credited as being the first one to make a systematic study of cognitive development and gave it its name. His main contribution is the stage theory of child cognitive development.
Piaget came up with a theory for developmental psychology based on cognitive development. Cognitive development, according to his theory, took place in four stages. [ 1 ] These four stages were classified as the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages.
The most influential theories emphasize social interaction's essential contribution to child development from birth (e.g., the theories of Bronfenbrenner, [8] Piaget, [9] Vygotsky [14]). It means that organisms with simple reflexes begin to cognize the environment in collaboration with caregivers.
Neo-Piagetian theories criticize and build on Piaget's work. Juan Pascaual-Leone was the first to propose a neo-Piagetian stage theory. Since that time several neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development have been proposed. [12] These include the theories of Robbie Case, Grame Halford, Andreas Demetriou and Kurt W. Fischer.
Knows where familiar persons should be; notes their absence; finds a hidden object by looking in last hiding place first. (This is what Piaget termed object permanence, which usually occurs during the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's childhood theory of cognitive development) Names familiar objects. Recognizes, expresses, and locates pain.