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Headwall and corrie lake Cwm Idwal. In physical geography and geology, the headwall of a glacial cirque is its highest cliff.The term has been more broadly used to describe similar geomorphic features of non-glacial origin consisting of a concave depression with convergent slopes typically of 65 percent or greater forming the upper end of a drainage valley.
Culvert with secure headwall in Bromsgrove, England Stone culvert in Haapsalu, Estonia Steel culvert with a plunge pool below A multiple culvert assembly in Italy Precast concrete box culvert Large box culvert on Rio Monterroso. A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway.
The other states have developed their own state-specific industrial stormwater permits (e.g. California's Industrial General Permit). [8] State-issued general permits often include the same requirements as EPA's permit, but some states have additional requirements. [6] A silt fence is a type of sediment control used on construction sites.
Stormwater, also written storm water, is water that originates from precipitation , including heavy rain and meltwater from hail and snow. Stormwater can soak into the soil and become groundwater, be stored on depressed land surface in ponds and puddles, evaporate back into the atmosphere, or contribute to surface runoff.
A silt fence, a type of sediment control, installed on a construction site. To address the nationwide problem of stormwater pollution, Congress broadened the CWA definition of "point source" in 1987 to include industrial stormwater discharges and municipal separate storm sewer systems ("MS4"). [30] These facilities are required to obtain NPDES ...
Combined sewer outflow into the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. Ratcliff Beach CSO discharges into the River Thames in London [7]. These relief structures, called "storm-water regulators" (in American English - or "combined sewer overflows" in British English) are constructed in combined sewer systems to divert flows in excess of the peak design flow of the sewage treatment plant. [6]
The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, often abbreviated as SWPPP or SW3P, is a plan created by constructors to show their plans for sediment and erosion control. [1] Typically these plans are part of an overall design that details procedures to be followed during various phases of construction.
Chemical sediment control is currently used on some construction sites around the United States and Europe, typically larger sites where there is a high potential for damage to nearby streams. [3] Another active treatment system design uses electrocoagulation to flocculate suspended particles in the stormwater, followed by a filtration stage. [4]