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The Dawes Act of 1887 (also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 [1] [2]) regulated land rights on tribal territories within the United States. Named after Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts , it authorized the President of the United States to subdivide Native American tribal communal landholdings into ...
The American Dawes Commission, named for its first chairman Henry L. Dawes, was authorized under a rider to an Indian Office appropriation bill, March 3, 1893. [1] Its purpose was to convince the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to cede tribal title of Indian lands, and adopt the policy of dividing tribal lands into individual allotments that was enacted for other tribes as the Dawes Act of 1887.
However, after the 25 years was up, many Indians found themselves subject to excessive state property taxes, which resulted in the sale of much of the land which Indians received through the Dawes Act. [7] Very soon after many of the Indians losing the land which they earned through the Dawes Act, white settlers moved in on these open lots.
The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887 .
As a part of the act and subsequent bills, the Dawes Commission was formed in 1893 and took a census of the citizens in Indian Territory from 1898 to 1906. The Dawes Rolls , officially known as The Final Rolls of the Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory , listed individuals under the categories of Indians by ...
Congress passed the Dawes Act in 1887, which broke up and divided native land, according to the national archives. Congress then in 1953 attempted to terminate Potawatomie and other tribes.
The Act was amended in 1891, 1898 by the Curtis Act, and in 1906, by the Burke Act. The Dawes Commission , set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created not to administer the Act but to attempt to persuade the tribes excluded from the Act by treaties to agree to the allotment plan.
The Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes was formed on March 3, 1865, by resolution of both houses of U.S. Congress for the purpose of "directing an inquiry into the condition of the Indian tribes and their treatment by the civil and military authorities of the United States". [1]