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Canada has numerous Indian reserves, also known as First Nations reserves, for First Nations people, which were mostly established by the Indian Act of 1876 and have been variously expanded and reduced by royal commissions since. They are sometimes incorrectly called by the American term "reservations". [1] [2] [3] [4]
In 2003, the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs stated there were 2,300 reserves in Canada, comprising 28,000 km 2 (11,000 sq mi). [4] According to Statistics Canada in 2011, there are more than 600 First Nations/Indian bands in Canada and 3,100 Indian reserves/First Nations reserves across Canada. [5]
Native Canadians was often used in Canada to differentiate this American term until the 1980s. [ 34 ] In contrast to the more-specific Aboriginal , one of the issues with the term native is its general applicability: in certain contexts, it could be used in reference to non-Indigenous peoples in regards to an individual place of origin / birth ...
1839 Upper Canada passed a law to protect Indian reserves, basically including Indian lands in with crown lands. [111] 1840sThe first Indian residential schools in Canada were set up in the 1840s with the last residential school closing in 1996. [112]
The parallel term Native Canadian is not commonly used, but Native (in English) and Autochtone (in Canadian French; from the Greek auto, own, and chthon, land) are. Under the Royal Proclamation of 1763, [22] also known as the "Indian Magna Carta," [23] the Crown referred to Indigenous peoples in British territory as tribes or nations.
The Indian Act (French: Loi sur les Indiens) is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. [3] [4] [a] First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document that defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members.
The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a.
There were also 400 persons from other tribes, ... for traditional native communities in New York. ... populous reserve in Canada. As of March 2023, there were 28,520 ...