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Various resistor types of different shapes and sizes. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
A common type of axial-leaded resistor today is the metal-film resistor. Metal Electrode Leadless Face resistors often use the same technology. Metal film resistors are usually coated with nickel chromium (NiCr), but might be coated with any of the cermet materials listed above for thin film resistors.
Pull-up resistors may be used at logic outputs where the logic device cannot source current such as open-collector TTL logic devices. Such outputs are used for driving external devices, for a wired-OR function in combinational logic , or for a simple way of driving a logic bus with multiple devices connected to it.
Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers. Electromechanical components can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections.
Zero ohm resistors can also be used as configuration jumpers or in places where it should be easy to disconnect and reconnect electrical connections within a PCB to diagnose problems. The resistance is only approximately zero; only a maximum is specified, which is typically in the range of 10–50 m Ω . [ 2 ]
Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component (e.g. a resistor) or an electrical network (e.g. resistors in series) is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object" that participates in the series/parallel networks.
The E series is a system of preferred numbers (also called preferred values) derived for use in electronic components. It consists of the E3 , E6 , E12 , E24 , E48 , E96 and E192 series, [ 1 ] where the number after the 'E' designates the quantity of logarithmic value "steps" per decade .
Figure 2: 4-bit linear R–2R DAC using unequal resistors. It is not necessary that each "rung" of the R–2R ladder use the same resistor values. It is only necessary that the "2R" value matches the sum of the "R" value plus the Thévenin-equivalent resistance of the lower-significance rungs. Figure 2 shows a linear 4-bit DAC with unequal ...