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The 1815 Tambora eruption is the largest observed eruption in recorded history, as shown in the table below. [ 8 ] [ 4 ] The explosion was heard at least 2,600 km (1,600 mi) away [ 11 ] and possibly over 3350 km (2060 mi) away, [ 10 ] and ash fell at least 1,300 km (810 mi) away.
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [7] [8] [9] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [10]
Volcanic activity ceased on 15 July 1815. [25] Activity resumed in August 1819—a small eruption with "flames" and rumbling aftershocks, and was considered to be part of the 1815 eruption. [5] This eruption was recorded at 2 on the VEI scale. Around 1880 ± 30 years, eruptions at Mount Tambora have been registered only inside the caldera. [25]
The central volcano of Bárðarbunga, the Veidivötn and Trollagigar fissures form one volcanic system, which extend about 100 km SW to near Torfajökull volcano and 50 km NE to near Askja volcano, respectively. The subglacial Loki-Fögrufjöll volcanic system located SW of Bárðarbunga volcano is also part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system ...
The most severe eruptions on Earth in historical times took place in Indonesia. In 1815, the giant eruption of Mount Tambora, a stratovolcano, became the largest known eruption in the world during historical times, and it had such a large effect on the climate that the following year, 1816, in Europe was known as the year without summer. 40 km 3 of ash were produced as a result of the eruption ...
Indonesia 1815 71,000–250,100+ Largest and deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Caused the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. 4 Mount Mayon [71] Philippines 1814 1,200 The town of Cagsawa was buried and approximately 1,200 people were killed. [93] 4 Suwanosejima [74] Japan 1813 4 Mount Awu [28] Indonesia 1812 4 La Soufrière [68]
Two of the four eruptions were previously identified: Mount Tambora in Indonesia exploded in 1815, and Cosegüina erupted in Nicaragua in 1835. The volcano that produced the 1808/1809 eruption ...
The largest volcano of Sumatra is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). [2] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the highest level for a volcanic eruption