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Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Secular humanism is a philosophy, belief system, or life stance that embraces human reason, logic, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism, while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision-making.
Theistic humanism is the combination of humanistic ideals, particularly the idea that ideals and morals stem from society, with a belief in the supernatural and transcendental. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is frequently invoked as a form of spiritual opposition to monotheism .
Some modern Christian humanists, for example, go so far as to suggest that other understandings of humanism are inauthentic, saying that, "common humanity, universal reason, freedom, personhood, human rights, human emancipation and progress, and indeed the very notion of secularity... are literally unthinkable without their Christian humanistic ...
Definitions of humanism have continued to evolve since its emergence as it is applied in different philosophical, cultural, and political contexts. [36] Reactions against humanist ideologies have seen the emergence of movements such as structuralism, postmodernism and postcolonialism. [37] In philosophy, humanism is defined as:
A priori and a posteriori; A series and B series; Abductive reasoning; Ability; Absolute; Absolute time and space; Abstract and concrete; Adiaphora; Aesthetic emotions
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism. [1]
Marxist humanism is an international body of thought and political action rooted in a humanist interpretation of the works of Karl Marx.It is an investigation into "what human nature consists of and what sort of society would be most conducive to human thriving" [1] from a critical perspective rooted in Marxist philosophy.