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In electrical circuits sharing a common signal return path, electrical impedance in the return path creates common impedance coupling between the signals, resulting in crosstalk. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Crosstalk is a significant issue in structured cabling , audio electronics , integrated circuit design , wireless communication and other communications ...
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
On-die termination (ODT) or Digitally Controlled Impedance (DCI [4]) is the technology where the termination resistor for impedance matching in transmission lines is located within a semiconductor chip, instead of a separate, discrete device mounted on a circuit board. The closeness of the termination from the receiver shorten the stub between ...
Attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio (ACR) is a parameter that is measured when testing a communication link, which represents the overall performance of the cable. [1] AcR is a mathematical formula that calculates the ratio of attenuation to near-end crosstalk for each combination of cable pairs. [ 2 ]
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
Impedance (Z) parameter may defines by applying a fixed current into one port (I1) of a transmission line with the other port open and measuring the resulting voltage on each port (V1, V2) [8] [9] and computing the impedance parameter Z11 is V1/I1, and the impedance parameter Z12 is V2/I1. Since transmission lines are electrically passive and ...
Coupling may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional inductive coupling can cause signals from one circuit to be induced into a nearby circuit, this is called cross-talk, and is a form of electromagnetic interference. k is the coupling coefficient, Le1 and Le2 is the leakage inductance, M1 (M2) is the mutual inductance
Any 2-port S-parameter may be displayed on a Smith chart using polar co-ordinates, but the most meaningful would be and since either of these may be converted directly into an equivalent normalized impedance (or admittance) using the characteristic Smith Chart impedance (or admittance) scaling appropriate to the system impedance.