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Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.
AlphaDev learned an optimized VarInt deserialization function in protobuf, [9] outperforming the human benchmark for single valued inputs by approximately three times in terms of speed. AlphaDev also discovered a new VarInt assignment move, combining two operations into a single instruction for latency savings.
FlatBuffers is a free software library implementing a serialization format similar to Protocol Buffers, Thrift, Apache Avro, SBE, and Cap'n Proto, primarily written by Wouter van Oortmerssen and open-sourced by Google. It supports “zero-copy” deserialization, so that accessing the serialized data does not require first copying it into a ...
The advantage over 32-bit single-precision floating point is that it requires half the storage and bandwidth (at the expense of precision and range). [5] Half precision can be useful for mesh quantization. Mesh data is usually stored using 32-bit single-precision floats for the vertices, however in some situations it is acceptable to reduce the ...
Modbus or MODBUS is a client/server data communications protocol in the application layer. [1] It was originally designed for use with programmable logic controllers (PLCs), [2] but has become a de facto standard communication protocol for communication between industrial electronic devices in a wide range of buses and networks.
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a portable message-passing standard designed to function on parallel computing architectures. [1] The MPI standard defines the syntax and semantics of library routines that are useful to a wide range of users writing portable message-passing programs in C, C++, and Fortran.
Atomic operations Shared data is accessed by using atomic operations which cannot be interrupted by other threads. This usually requires using special machine language instructions, which might be available in a runtime library. Since the operations are atomic, the shared data is always kept in a valid state, no matter how other threads access it.
The format is derived directly from the design of the teletypewriter, which was designed this way because the electromechanical technology of its day was not precise enough [citation needed] for synchronous operation: thus the systems needed to be re-synchronized at the start of each character. Having been re-synchronized, the technology of the ...