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Moraxella catarrhalis is a human pathogen with an affinity for the human upper respiratory tract and the middle ear. Other primates, such as macaques, might become infected by this bacterium. [2] Rodents including rats, mice, and chinchillas have been used to study Moraxella catarrhalis with varying degrees of success. [3]
Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax . The organisms are short rods , coccobacilli , or as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis , diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase -positive, and catalase -positive properties. [ 2 ]
Moraxella spp Nasopharynx Moraxella catarrhalis: Nasopharynx Mycoplasma orale: Oropharynx Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Respiratory epithelium Neisseria spp Nasopharynx Neisseria cinerea: Nasopharynx Neisseria elongata: Pharynx Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Pharynx [citation needed] Neisseria lactamica: Nasopharynx Neisseria meningitidis: Nasopharynx ...
The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species. [1] Others are harmless commensals of mammals and humans or occur in water or soil. The species are mesophilic or psychrotrophic ( Psychrobacter ).
Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bordetella pertussis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common. These bacteria often live in the gut and enter the lungs when contents of the gut (such as vomit or faeces) are inhaled.
Examples of gram-negative diplococci are Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. Examples of gram-positive diplococci are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. [10] [11] Presumably, diplococcus has been implicated in encephalitis lethargica. [12] The genus Neisseria belongs to the family Neisseriaceae.
[1] R. dentocariosa secretes a peptidoglycan hydrolase that inhibits the growth of Moraxella catarrhalis (an ear infection pathogen) in vitro, indicating that it may have a protective effect against pathogens in the human nasopharnx. [3] First isolated from dental caries, R. dentocariosa is largely benign, but does very rarely cause disease.
Cefditoren pivoxil high intrinsic activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. Cefditoren holds a balanced antimicrobial spectrum that includes the three major pathogens of community-acquired lower-respiratory tract infections: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. [3]