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The energy released by the solvation of the ammonium ions and nitrate ions is less than the energy absorbed in breaking up the ammonium nitrate ionic lattice and the attractions between water molecules. Dissolving potassium hydroxide is exothermic, as more energy is released during solvation than is used in breaking up the solute and solvent.
Preshave products and some shave creams contain potassium hydroxide to force open the hair cuticle and to act as a hygroscopic agent to attract and force water into the hair shaft, causing further damage to the hair. In this weakened state, the hair is more easily cut by a razor blade. Potassium hydroxide is used to identify some species of ...
An alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide decomposes it to potassium chloride and potassium carbonate in water: [11] CCl 4 + 6 KOH → 4 KCl + K 2 CO 3 + 3 H 2 O. Carbon is sufficiently oxophilic that many compounds react to give phosgene:
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH 3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH 4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in ...
In the Tishchenko reaction, the base used is an alkoxide rather than hydroxide, and the product is an ester rather than the separate alcohol and carboxylate groups. After the nucleophilic base attacks an aldehyde, the resulting new oxygen anion attacks another aldehyde to give a hemiacetal linkage between two of the formerly aldehyde-containing ...
The aqueous solution in the classical reaction contains glucose, sodium hydroxide and methylene blue. [14] In the first step an acyloin of glucose is formed. The next step is a redox reaction of the acyloin with methylene blue in which the glucose is oxidized to diketone in alkaline solution [6] and methylene blue is reduced to colorless leucomethylene blue.
Acid–base reactions typically occur faster than any other step which may determine the product of a reaction. The conjugate base is more electron-rich than the molecule which can alter the reactivity of the molecule. For example, deprotonation of an alcohol forms the negatively charged alkoxide, which is a much stronger nucleophile.
In organic chemistry, methenium (also called methylium, carbenium, [2] methyl cation, or protonated methylene) is a cation with the formula CH + 3. It can be viewed as a methylene radical (: CH 2) with an added proton (H +), or as a methyl radical (• CH 3) with one electron removed.