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Neurologic signs result from severe angulation of the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, instability of the spine, and luxation or fracture of the vertebrae. Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5] Most cases of hemivertebrae have no or mild symptoms, so treatment is usually ...
Rigid spine syndrome, also known as congenital muscular dystrophy with rigidity of the spine (CMARS), is a rare and often debilitating neuromuscular disorder.It is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and rigidity, particularly in the spine, which can severely limit mobility and impact quality of life.
KFS is associated with many other abnormalities of the body, hence thorough evaluation of all patients with fused cervical vertebrae at birth is required. Furthermore, it is unclear whether KFS is a unique disease, or if it is one part of a spectrum of congenital spinal deformities. [citation needed] KFS is usually diagnosed after birth.
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
Changes in the spinal bones in the neck may also increase the risk of spinal cord damage. Other skeletal signs include flattened vertebrae (platyspondyly), a hip joint deformity in which the upper leg bones turn inward , and an inward- and downward-turning foot (called clubfoot). Decreased joint mobility and arthritis often develop early in life.
Diagnosis may occur either before or after a child is born. [5] Before birth, if a blood test or amniocentesis finds a high level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), there is a higher risk of spina bifida. [5] Ultrasound examination may also detect the problem. Medical imaging can confirm the diagnosis after birth. [5]
Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect.It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1]
Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...