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The Wood method, also known as the Merchant–Rankine–Wood method, is a structural analysis method which was developed to determine estimates for the effective buckling length of a compressed member included in a building frames, both in sway and a non-sway buckling modes. [1] [2] It is named after R. H. Wood.
Hankinson's equation (also called Hankinson's formula or Hankinson's criterion) [1] is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in wood .
Structural analysis is a branch of solid mechanics which uses simplified models for solids like bars, beams and shells for engineering decision making. Its main objective is to determine the effect of loads on physical structures and their components .
In structural engineering, Johnson's parabolic formula is an empirically based equation for calculating the critical buckling stress of a column. The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to ...
In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load. It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement).
Wood is an example of an orthotropic material. Material properties in three perpendicular directions (axial, radial, and circumferential) are different. In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational ...
By examining the formulas for area moment of inertia, we can see that the stiffness of this beam will vary approximately as the third power of the radius or height. Thus the second moment of area will vary approximately as the inverse of the cube of the density, and performance of the beam will depend on Young's modulus divided by density cubed .
Loading a structural element or specimen will increase the compressive stress until it reaches its compressive strength. According to the properties of the material, failure modes are yielding for materials with ductile behavior (most metals , some soils and plastics ) or rupturing for brittle behavior (geomaterials, cast iron , glass , etc.).