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Hybrid models are a combination of peer-to-peer and client–server models. [40] A common hybrid model is to have a central server that helps peers find each other. Spotify was an example of a hybrid model [until 2014].
It describes a model of socio-economic production in which large numbers of people work cooperatively; usually over the Internet. Commons-based projects generally have less rigid hierarchical structures than those under more traditional business models. One of the major characteristics of the commons-based peer production is its non-profit scope.
Peer-to-peer carsharing is a form of person-to-person lending or collaborative consumption, as part of the sharing economy. [1] The business model is closely aligned with traditional car clubs such as Streetcar or Zipcar (est. in 2000), [2] but replaces a typical fleet with a ‘virtual’ fleet made up of vehicles from participating owners. [3]
Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model. [1] In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers [2] increasing to over three million nodes by January 2006. [3]
Peer production is also expanding beyond knowledge production, in the realm of manufacturing. [8] For example, there are now several types of open-source solar-powered 3-D printers, [9] which can be used for production in off grid locations [10] and other forms of open source appropriate technology like the use of biomaterials.
Protocol Used by Defunct clients ActivityPub: Friendica, Libervia, Lemmy, Mastodon, Micro.blog, Nextcloud, PeerTube, Pixelfed, Pleroma: Advanced Peer-to-Peer ...
The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.
A mastermind group is a peer-to-peer mentoring group used to help members solve their problems with input and advice from the other group members. [1] [2] [predatory publisher] The concept was coined in 1925 by author Napoleon Hill in his book The Law of Success, [3] and described in more detail in his 1937 book Think and Grow Rich. [4]