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The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project (Chinese: 夏商周断代工程; pinyin: Xià Shāng Zhōu Duàndài Gōngchéng) was a multi-disciplinary project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and time frame of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.
Some historians have suggested that the Zhou rulers invented the Xia as a pretext, to justify their conquest of the Shang, by noting that just as the Shang had supplanted the Xia, they had supplanted the Shang. [30] The existence of the Xia remains unproven, despite efforts by Chinese archaeologists to link them with the Bronze Age Erlitou culture.
Di was succeeded as king of the Shang dynasty by his son King Zhou of Shang. 1050 BC: King Wen of Zhou died. 1047 BC: Zhou took Daji as his concubine. 1046 BC: Battle of Muye: The forces of the predynastic Zhou, led by King Wu of Zhou and aided by Shang dynasty defectors, dealt a bloody defeat to Shang forces at Muye, near Yinxu. Zhou committed ...
[a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang 王, meaning king. [4]
Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties: From Myths to Historical Facts is a book by a Taiwan-based Russian history professor Olga Gorodetskaya.It touches upon several predominant theories regarding Ancient China's earliest dynasties, namely Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty, and tries to present archaeological evidence that those theories are in fact myths originated in early Chinese historical ...
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
A date of 1046 BC for the Zhou's establishment is supported by the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project and David Pankenier, [4] but David Nivison and Edward L. Shaughnessy date the establishment to 1045 BC. [5] [6] The latter Eastern Zhou period is itself roughly subdivided into two parts.
c. 1046 BC: The Zhou force, led by King Wu of Zhou, overthrows the last king of Shang dynasty; Zhou dynasty established in China. [38] [39] 1000 BC: The second stream of Bantu expansion reaches the great lakes region of Africa, creating a major population centre. [40] [41] 890 BC: Approximate date for the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey.