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Despite much opposition, the Rowlatt Act was passed on 18 March 1919. The purpose of the act was to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country. Under the Rowlatt act 1919, the chief justice was empowered to decide on the immediate custody of the accused between the trial and release on bail for smooth implementation of the act.
Gandhi's call was for a nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act. In promoting "self-reliance," his planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and also economy in India," [7] including British industries and educational institutions ...
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919.A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
Saifuddin Kitchlew (15 January 1888 – 9 October 1963) was an Indian independence activist, barrister, politician and later a leader of the peace movement.A member of Indian National Congress, he first became Punjab Provincial Congress Committee (Punjab PCC) head and later the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee in 1924.
The period of 1919-1922 is widely seen as the heyday of Hindu-Muslim unity. [12] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had thanked the Congress for its sympathy, and hoped that it would soon gain Swaraj. [34] The movement is described as a milestone in the growth of the Muslim nationalism [35] and the history of civil disobedience in India.
6 April – Mahatma Gandhi declared an All India Strike against the Rowlatt Act. 11 April – Serious riots in Ahmedabad. [1] 13 April – At the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar, Punjab, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs. 15 April – Disturbances in Delhi and Punjab and martial law in Punjab (back dated to 30 March);. [2] [3]
Passage of Rowlatt Act, 1919 Government of India Act 1919 (also Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms) Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War, 1919 University of Rangoon established in 1920. Indian Passport Act of 1920: British Indian passport introduced 2 April 1921 – 3 April 1926: Earl of Reading: University of Delhi established in 1922.
Jallianwala Bagh is a historic garden and memorial of national importance close to the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India, preserved in the memory of those wounded and killed in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre that took place on the site on the festival of Baisakhi Day, 13 April 1919.