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The clade Ceratopsidae was in 1998 defined by Paul Sereno as the group including the last common ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus and Triceratops; and all its descendants. [17] In 2004, it was by Peter Dodson defined to include Triceratops, Centrosaurus, and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor. [18]
Skulls of the three species compared: P. perotorum (with inaccurate epiparietal placement), P. canadensis, and P. lakustai Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis, was described in 1950 by Charles Mortram Sternberg based on the holotype incomplete skull NMC 8867, and the paratype incomplete skull NMC 8866, which included the anterior part of the skull but was lacking the right lower mandible, and the "beak".
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t ɒ p s i ə / or / ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ p i ə /; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia.
Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis: NMC 8867 [148] Canadian Museum of Nature [148] Early Maastrichtian [148] Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta [148] Partial skull [148] Type species of Pachyrhinosaurus and of the tribe "Pachyrhinosaurini" Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai: TMP 1986.55.258 [149] Royal Tyrrell Museum [149] Campanian [149] Wapiti Formation ...
Triceratops were herbivorous and, because of their low slung head, their primary food was probably low growing vegetation, although they may have been able to knock down taller plants with their horns, beak, and sheer bulk. [30] [58] The jaws were tipped with a deep, narrow beak, believed to have been better at grasping and plucking than biting ...
The fauna of Morrison Formation is similar to one in the coeval rocks of Tendaguru Beds (in Tanzania) and Lourinhã Formation in Portugal, [1] mostly with the second. Some genera are shared in Morrison and Lourinhã, such as Torvosaurus, [2] Ceratosaurus, [3] Stegosaurus, Dryosaurus, [4] and Allosaurus. [5]
Some researchers consider it an ontogenic stage of Triceratops. †Triceratops †Triceratops horridus †Triceratops prorsus; 68–66 Ma Hell Creek Formation, Montana, USA Lance Formation, Wyoming, USA Possibly the most iconic ceratopsian, Triceratops May have grown up to 6.5 to 12 tonnes and measured 7.5 to 9 meters long. †Zhuchengceratops
North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the titanosaur sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Bravoceratops, Regaliceratops, Triceratops, Leptoceratops, Torosaurus, Nedoceratops, Tatankaceratops (the latter two possible species of Triceratops), and Ojoceratops, the pachycephalosaurs Pachycephalosaurus, Stygimoloch ...