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where L is the unnormalized Laplacian, A is the adjacency matrix, D is the degree matrix, and + is the Moore–Penrose inverse. Since the degree matrix D is diagonal, its reciprocal square root ( D + ) 1 / 2 {\textstyle (D^{+})^{1/2}} is just the diagonal matrix whose diagonal entries are the reciprocals of the square roots of the diagonal ...
It is used together with the adjacency matrix to construct the Laplacian matrix of a graph: ... the degree matrix for is a diagonal matrix defined as [1],:= ...
In mathematics, the Laplace operator or Laplacian is a differential operator given by the divergence of the gradient of a scalar function on Euclidean space.It is usually denoted by the symbols , (where is the nabla operator), or .
The degree matrix indicates the degree of vertices. The Laplacian matrix is a modified form of the adjacency matrix that incorporates information about the degrees of the vertices, and is useful in some calculations such as Kirchhoff's theorem on the number of spanning trees of a graph.
In mathematics, the discrete Laplace operator is an analog of the continuous Laplace operator, defined so that it has meaning on a graph or a discrete grid.For the case of a finite-dimensional graph (having a finite number of edges and vertices), the discrete Laplace operator is more commonly called the Laplacian matrix.
The adjacency matrix of a complete bipartite graph K m,n has eigenvalues √ nm, − √ nm and 0; with multiplicity 1, 1 and n + m − 2 respectively. [12] The Laplacian matrix of a complete bipartite graph K m,n has eigenvalues n + m, n, m, and 0; with multiplicity 1, m − 1, n − 1 and 1 respectively. A complete bipartite graph K m,n has m ...
The algebraic connectivity (also known as Fiedler value or Fiedler eigenvalue after Miroslav Fiedler) of a graph G is the second-smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of G. [1] This eigenvalue is greater than 0 if and only if G is a connected graph. This is a corollary to the fact that the number ...
In the mathematical field of graph theory, Kirchhoff's theorem or Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem named after Gustav Kirchhoff is a theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph, showing that this number can be computed in polynomial time from the determinant of a submatrix of the graph's Laplacian matrix; specifically, the number is equal to any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix.