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  2. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    Household RO units use a lot of water because they have low back pressure. Household RO water purifiers typically produce one liter of usable water and 3-25 liters of wastewater. [34] The remainder is discharged, usually into the drain. Because wastewater carries the rejected contaminants, recovering this water is not practical for household ...

  3. Reverse osmosis plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis_plant

    Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination , wastewater treatment , concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. [ 1 ]

  4. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Reverse osmosis involves mechanical pressure applied to force water through a semi-permeable membrane. Contaminants are left on the other side of the membrane. Reverse osmosis is theoretically the most thorough method of large scale water purification available, although perfect semi-permeable membranes are difficult to create.

  5. Portable water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification

    The Portable Aqua Unit for Lifesaving (short PAUL) is a portable ultrafiltration-based membrane water filter for humanitarian aid. It allows the decentralized supply of clean water in emergency and disaster situations for about 400 persons per unit per day. The filter is designed to function with neither chemicals nor energy nor trained personnel.

  6. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

    Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...

  7. Thin-film composite membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_composite_membrane

    NanoH2O Inc. commercialized a membrane in which zeolite nanoparticles were synthesized and embedded within an RO membrane to form a thin-film nanocomposite, or TFN, which has proven to be more than 50-100% more permeable compared to conventional RO membranes while maintaining the same level of salt rejection. [12] Fuel-cells. Batteries.