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22 August – William Ewart Gladstone's Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881, the second of the Irish Land Acts, secures the three "f"s (fair rents, fixity of tenure and freedom of sale), [3] and gives the courts the authority to reconsider judicial rents every three years and to adjust them in line with shifts in agricultural prices. [4]
Further acts were introduced by the governments of the Irish Free State after 1922 and more acts were passed for Northern Ireland. The success of the Land Acts in reducing the concentration of land ownership is indicated by the fact that in 1870, only 3% of Irish farmers owned their own land while 97% were tenants.
From 1821 to 1911 a census of the Irish population was taken every ten years; There are no surviving manuscripts for the years 1861, 1871, 1881 and 1891. There are only a handful of various county manuscripts for the years 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851; The census returns for 1901 and 1911 are available online. Tithe Applotment Books
The No Rent Manifesto was a document issued in Ireland on 18 October 1881, by imprisoned leaders of the Irish National Land League calling for a campaign of passive resistance by the entire population of small tenant farmers, by withholding rents to obtain large rent abatements under the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881.
The Three Fs were campaigned for by a number of political movements, notably the Independent Irish Party (1852–1858) and later the Irish Parliamentary Party during the Land War (from 1878). They were conceded by the British Government in a series of Irish Land Acts enacted from the 1870s on, with essentially full implementation in the Land ...
The Report of the Commission decided for the three Fs: fixity of tenure, fair rents and free sale. [5] At the end of the year Gladstone wrote that "the state of Ireland in particular" was the chief concern of the year and came to see Ireland as "a judgment for our heavy sins as a nation". [6]
The Irish Land Commission was created by the British crown in 1843 to "inquire into the occupation of the land in Ireland. The office of the commission was in Dublin Castle, and the records were, on its conclusion, deposited in the records tower there, from whence they were transferred in 1898 to the Public Record Office". [ 1 ]
Ireland population change 1841-1851. The population of Ireland in 2021 was approximately seven million with 1,903,100 in Northern Ireland [1] and 5,123,536 in the Republic of Ireland. [2] In the 2022 census the population of the Republic of Ireland eclipsed five million for the first time since the 1851 census. [3]