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The Burgess reagent is used to convert secondary and tertiary alcohols with an adjacent proton into alkenes. Dehydration of primary alcohols does not work well. The reagent is soluble in common organic solvents and alcohol dehydration takes place with syn elimination through an intramolecular elimination reaction.
The order of addition of the reagents of the Mitsunobu reaction can be important. Typically, one dissolves the alcohol, the carboxylic acid, and triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran or other suitable solvent (e.g. diethyl ether), cool to 0 °C using an ice-bath, slowly add the DEAD dissolved in THF, then stir at room temperature for several hours.
a mineral acid with many industrial uses; commonly used in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides Phosphorus pentachloride: one of the most important phosphorus chlorides; a chlorinating reagent. Also used as a dehydrating agent for oximes which turn them into nitriles. Phosphorus tribromide: used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl ...
The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.
An alcohol treated with at least 3 equivalents of an activated halide (such as allyl bromide or iodomethane) and CDI yields the corresponding halide with good yield. Bromination and iodination work best, though this reaction does not preserve the stereochemistry of the alcohol. In a similar context, CDI is often used in dehydration reactions. [3]
Reagents are known that drive the dehydration of mixtures of alcohols and carboxylic acids. One example is the Steglich esterification , which is a method of forming esters under mild conditions. The method is popular in peptide synthesis , where the substrates are sensitive to harsh conditions like high heat.
The most common catalysts are silver metal, iron(III) oxide, [7] iron molybdenum oxides [e.g. iron(III) molybdate] with a molybdenum-enriched surface, [8] or vanadium oxides. In the commonly used formox process , methanol and oxygen react at ca. 250–400 °C (480–750 °F) in the presence of iron oxide in combination with molybdenum and/or ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.