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For example, addition of potassium permanganate to an aqueous solution of sugar and sodium hydroxide produces the chemical chameleon reaction, which involves dramatic color changes associated with the various oxidation states of manganese. A related vigorous reaction is exploited as a fire starter in survival kits.
The chemical chameleon reaction shows the process in reverse, by reducing violet potassium permanganate first to green potassium manganate and eventually to brown manganese dioxide: [1] [2] [5] KMnO 4 (violet) → K 2 MnO 4 (green) → MnO 2 (brown/yellow suspension) Blue potassium hypomanganate may also form as an intermediate. [6]
Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) is a dark violet colored powder. Its reaction with glycerol (commonly known as glycerin or glycerine) (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3) is highly exothermic, resulting rapidly in a flame, along with the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapour: 14 KMnO 4 (s) + 4 C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 (l) → 7 K 2 CO 3 (s) + 7 Mn 2 O 3 (s) + 5 CO 2 ...
A permanganate (/ p ər ˈ m æ ŋ ɡ ə n eɪ t, p ɜːr-/) [1] is a chemical compound with the manganate(VII) ion, MnO − 4 , the conjugate base of permanganic acid . Because the manganese atom has a +7 oxidation state , the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidising agent .
Potassium permanganate will decompose into potassium manganate, manganese dioxide and oxygen gas: 2 KMnO 4 → K 2 MnO 4 + MnO 2 + O 2. This reaction is a laboratory method to prepare oxygen, but produces samples of potassium manganate contaminated with MnO 2. The former is soluble and the latter is not.
The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy .
Potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 or potash) is used in the manufacture of glass, soap, color TV tubes, fluorescent lamps, textile dyes and pigments. [75] Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) is an oxidizing, bleaching and purification substance and is used for production of saccharin. Potassium chlorate (KClO 3) is added to matches and explosives.
Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.