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Bioinformatics uses biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, data science, computer programming, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. The process of analyzing and interpreting data can sometimes be referred to as computational biology , however this distinction between the two terms ...
An alternative definition says that an ORF is a sequence that has a length divisible by three and is bounded by stop codons. [1] [4] This more general definition can be useful in the context of transcriptomics and metagenomics, where a start or stop codon may not be present in the obtained sequences. Such an ORF corresponds to parts of a gene ...
In a sequence of biochemical events, feedback would refer to a downstream element in the sequence (B in the adjacent image) affecting some upstream component (A in the adjacent image) to affect its own production or activation (output) in the future. If this element acts to enhance its own output, then it engages in positive feedback (blue ...
Quality control assesses the quality of sequencing reads obtained from the sequencing technology (e.g. Illumina). It is the first step in sequence analysis to limit wrong conclusions due to poor quality data. The tools used at this stage depend on the sequencing platform.
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide order of a given DNA fragment. So far, most DNA sequencing has been performed using the chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger. This technique uses sequence-specific termination of a DNA synthesis reaction using modified nucleotide substrates.
Miller and Sweatt demonstrated that rats trained in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm had elevated levels of mRNA for DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the hippocampus. [4] Fear conditioning is an associative memory task where a context, like a room, is paired with an aversive stimulus, like a foot shock; animals who have learned the association show higher levels of freezing behavior when exposed to ...
In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. [1] This is needed as DNA sequencing technology might not be able to 'read' whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. [1]
A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.