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A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. [5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [ 1 ]
Patellar subluxation syndrome is an injury involving the kneecap. Patellar subluxation is more common than patellar dislocation and is just as disabling. [1] In this condition, the patella repetitively subluxates and places strain on the medial restraints and excessive stress/tension on the patellofemoral joint. Patellar subluxation can be ...
The patellofemoral glide, tilt, and grind tests (Clarke's sign), when performed, can provide strong evidence for PFPS. [3] [19] Lastly, lateral instability can be assessed via the patellar apprehension test, which is deemed positive when there is pain or discomfort associated with lateral translation of the patella.
The condition may result from acute injury to the patella or chronic friction between the patella and a groove in the femur through which it passes during knee flexion. [11] Possible causes include a tight iliotibial band, neuromas, bursitis, overuse, malalignment, core instability, and patellar maltracking. [citation needed]
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [ 2 ] Complications may include injury to an artery , most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee , or compartment syndrome .
Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise. [2] The location and severity of knee pain may vary, depending on the cause of the problem. Signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany knee pain include: [1] Swelling and stiffness; Redness and warmth to the touch; Weakness or instability; Popping or ...
The mechanism of injury, location, character of the knee pain, the presence of a "pop" sound at the time of the injury (indicates ligamentous tear or fracture), swelling, infections, ability to stand or walk, sensation of instability (suggestive of subluxation), or any previous traumatic injuries to the joint are all important historical features.
The patella is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The patella is stabilized by the insertion of the horizontal fibres of vastus medialis and by the prominence of the lateral femoral condyle, which discourages lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the ...