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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections. [2] This resistance affects all classes of microbes, including bacteria ( antibiotic resistance), viruses ( antiviral resistance), protozoa ( antiprotozoal resistance), and fungi ...
In response to the 2019 European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) AMR Databases Workshop, the ‘AMR_Curation’ public repository was established for collective curation of AMR genes and mutations involving the majority of AMR database curators (e.g. NCBI, Resfinder, MEGARes, etc.) with an active and monitored curation issue tracker, a ...
He also coordinated the establishments the AMR Multi-stakeholder Partnership Platform and the AMR Multi-partner Trust Fund. He long advocated for the inclusion of global targets, accountable governance and financing mechanisms for AMR as part of the political declaration of the 2024 United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on AMR. [21]
The genes in the database consist of 5588 AMR genes, 210 stress response genes, and 630 virulence genes. The AMR genes cover resistance to 31 different classes of antibiotic and 58 specific drugs. [2] Sequence records include, where possible, an additional 100 bp on either side of the coding region to assist in the design of primers. Cutoffs ...
Drug, toxin, or chemical resistance is a consequence of evolution and is a response to pressures imposed on any living organism. Individual organisms vary in their sensitivity to the drug used and some with greater fitness may be capable of surviving drug treatment.
Allison was born in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. His father was a World War I British veteran and keen polo player, who left Britain in 1919 for better farming life in East Africa. [4] His father had a chrysanthemum farm at Mawingo in upper Gilgil, Kenya, overlooking the Great Rift Valley, where he spent most of his childhood. He ...
Resistance to aminoglycosides is conferred via numerous mechanisms: aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and inactivation of the aminoglycosides, which is frequently seen in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is induced by nucleotidyltransferases, phosphotransferases, or aminoglycoside acetyltransferases. reduced permeability.
Efflux mechanisms to remove antibiotics [9] Increased mutation rate as a stress response [ 10 ] Many different bacteria now exhibit multi-drug resistance, including staphylococci , enterococci , gonococci , streptococci , salmonella , as well as numerous other Gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis .