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The units of pCO 2 are mmHg, atm, torr, Pa, or any other standard unit of atmospheric pressure. The pCO 2 of Earth's atmosphere has risen from approximately 280 ppm (parts-per-million) to a mean 2019 value of 409.8 ppm as a result of anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning.
PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m 3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure. For gases, volume percent = mole percent; 1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6.
Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), [a] or about 0.042% (as of May 2022) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.028%.
The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm). To convert from the usual ppmv units to ppm mass (abbreviated as ppmm, or ppm(m)), multiply by the ratio of the molar mass of CO 2 to that of air, i.e. times 1.52 (44.01 divided by 28.96).
1 Nm 3 of any gas (measured at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure) equals 37.326 scf of that gas (measured at 60 °F and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure). 1 kmol of any ideal gas equals 22.414 Nm 3 of that gas at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure ... and 1 lbmol of any ideal gas equals 379.482 scf of that gas at 60 °F and ...
O–C–O: 180° , [3] decreasing to as low as 163° at higher temperature and/or pressure [4] Magnetic susceptibility: −0.49×10^−6 cm^3/mol Surface tension: 4.34 dyn/cm at 20 °C and equilibrium pressure Viscosity [5] of liquid at equilibrium pressure 0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.0712 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.0625 mPa·s at ...
The primary standard was set at 9 ppm averaged over an 8-hour period and 35 ppm over a 1-hour period. [10] The majority of CO emitted into the ambient air is from mobile sources. The EPA has reviewed and assessed the current scientific literature with respect to CO in 1979, 1984, 1991, and 1994. [11]
Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US [59] 358 to 524 kPa: 52-76 psi Threshold of pain for objects outside the human body hitting it [60] 400 to 600 kPa 60–90 psi Carbon dioxide pressure in a champagne bottle [61] 520 kPa 75 psi Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide [62] +690 to +830 kPa +100 to ...