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Compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet), the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit [1] Risk factors: Trauma, repetitive arm movements, tumors, pregnancy, cervical rib [1] Diagnostic method: Nerve conduction studies, medical imaging [1] Differential diagnosis
Whether a patient experiences pain or not largely depends on the location of the affected disc and the amount of pressure that is being put on the spinal column and surrounding nerve roots. Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common sources of back pain and affects approximately 30 million people every year. [3]
Myelopathy describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. [1] The most common form of myelopathy in humans, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), [2] [3] also called degenerative cervical myelopathy, [4] results from narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) ultimately causing compression of the spinal cord. [5]
Other treatments include injection of botulinium, or surgery that cuts the pectoralis minor tendon. [7] [8] [2] For patients with PMS but without TOS, one study found that surgery resulted in a good or excellent outcome in 90 percent of cases. [4] Another study in ten patients with PMS substantially resolved symptoms in all but one case. [9]
Myelomalacia affects the neurological functions in the spinal cord. Once breached, the ramification of the damage directly affects the motor functions of the body. Because the central nervous system is affected, the condition is classified under the neurological field of study. [citation needed] The spine shown here with spinal cord.
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve, though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc, for example).
Sciatica is when the sciatic nerve — which runs down the back of the leg — is pinched or pressured. It often results in shooting pain, numbness, and tingling that can reach the foot ...
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [4] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain, difficulty swallowing [5] [6] or even dyspnea. [7]