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They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people, but propionibacteria have been implicated in acne and other skin conditions. [4] One study found the Propionibacterium was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms. [5] In ruminants, propionibacteria reduce nitrate to nontoxic nitrogen compounds. [6]
Salicylic acid is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants (white willow bark and wintergreen leaves) used to promote exfoliation of the skin in order to treat acne. Additionally, research investigates the mechanism by which salicylic acid (SA) treats acne vulgaris. A study finds that SA suppresses the AMPK/SREBP1 (AMP-activated ...
Propionic acid inhibits the growth of mold and some bacteria at levels between 0.1 and 1% by weight. As a result, some propionic acid produced is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. For animal feed, it is used either directly or as its ammonium salt. This application accounts for about half of the ...
“[This serum] combines 15% L-ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and ferulic acid to protect against free radicals, reduce oxidative damage by up to 41%, and improve fine lines, firmness, and skin tone ...
The superficial layers of the skin are naturally acidic (pH 4–4.5) due to lactic acid in sweat and produced by skin bacteria. [31] At this pH mutualistic flora such as Staphylococci , Micrococci , Corynebacterium and Propionibacteria grow but not transient bacteria such as Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia and Pseudomonas or Gram ...
Skin Perfecting 6% Mandelic Acid + 2% Lactic Acid Liquid Exfoliant. Featuring a blend of lactic and mandelic acids, consider this the gentler alternative to the brand's 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant ...
E-3M2H is bound and carried by two apocrine secretion odor-binding proteins, ASOB1 and ASOB2, to the skin surface. [7] Body odor is influenced by the actions of the skin flora, including members of Corynebacterium, which manufacture enzymes called lipases that break down the lipids in sweat to create smaller molecules like butyric acid.
The combination of kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and tranexamic acid “act synergistically for brightening skin overall and lightening dark spots,” says Castilla, who notes that it’s a ...