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kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] It is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a mass through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force.
List of orders of magnitude for energy; Factor (joules) SI prefix Value Item 10 −34: 6.626 × 10 −34 J: Energy of a photon with a frequency of 1 hertz. [1]8 × 10 −34 J: Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached (38 picokelvin [2] as of 2021)
The unit is also used less commonly as a unit of work, or energy, in which case it is equivalent to the more common and standard SI unit of energy, the joule. [2] In this usage the metre term represents the distance travelled or displacement in the direction of the force, and not the perpendicular distance from a fulcrum (i.e. the lever arm ...
Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule [1] and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units
Photon energy is directly proportional to frequency. [1] = where is energy (joules in the SI system) [2]is the Planck constant; is frequency [2]; This equation is known as the Planck relation.
joule per square metre per hertz J⋅m −2 ⋅Hz −1: M⋅T −1: Radiant exposure of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in J⋅m −2 ⋅nm −1. This is sometimes also called "spectral fluence". H e,λ [nb 4] joule per square metre, per metre J/m 3: M⋅L −1 ⋅T −2: See also:
The relationship between torque and work is that the torque (in N·m) can be used to calculate the energy expended (in Joules) by multiplying it by the angle of rotation (in radians) through which it acts. Or it can be used to calculate power output (in watts) by multiplying it by the speed of rotation (in radians per second).