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Lithium – Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
Lithium orotate (C 5 H 3 LiN 2 O 4) is a salt of orotic acid and lithium.It is available as the monohydrate, LiC 5 H 3 N 2 O 4 ·H 2 O. [1] In this compound, lithium is non-covalently bound to an orotate ion, rather than to a carbonate or other ion, and like other salts, dissolves in solution to produce free lithium ions.
Lithium is a teratogen, which can cause birth defects in a small number of newborns. Case reports and several retrospective studies have demonstrated possible increases in the rate of a congenital heart defects including Ebstein's anomaly if taken during pregnancy. Teratogenicity is affected by trimester and dose of Lithium.
Orotic acid is a Bronsted acid and its conjugate base, the orotate anion, is able to bind to metals. Lithium orotate, for example, has been investigated for use in treating alcoholism, [4] [5] and complexes of cobalt, manganese, nickel, and zinc are known. [6]
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification.
The anxiety symptoms are usually persistent and constant. Patients of this disorder could experience excessive anxiety for a long duration, commonly over six months and the symptoms could occur without any specific triggers. Panic disorder: This disorder specifically refers to the suffering from panic attacks and also the fear of repetitive ...