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Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.
As a result, False Dmitriy I entered Moscow and was crowned tsar that year, following the murder of Tsar Feodor II, Godunov's son. Subsequently, Russia entered a period of continuous chaos, known as The Time of Troubles (Смутное Время). Despite the Tsar's persecution of the boyars, the townspeople's dissatisfaction, and the gradual ...
Under the system tsarist autocracy, the Emperors/Empresses (at least theoretically) made all the main decisions in the Russian Empire, so a uniformity of policy and a forcefulness resulted during the long regimes of powerful leaders such as Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725) and Catherine the Great (r. 1762–1796).
Tsarist absolutism faced few serious challenges until the 19th century. The earliest and most influential account of his reign prior to 1917 was by the historian Nikolay Karamzin , who described Ivan as a 'tormentor' of his people, particularly from 1560, though even after that date Karamzin believed there was a mix of 'good' and 'evil' in his ...
The tsar himself, the embodiment of sovereign authority, stood at the center of the tsarist autocracy, with full power over the state and its people. [5] The autocrat delegated power to persons and institutions acting on his orders, and within the limits of his laws, for the common good of all Russia. [ 5 ]
Peter the Great changed his title from tsar to emperor in order to secure Russia's position in the European states system. [137] While later rulers did not discard the new title, the Russian monarch was commonly known as the tsar or tsaritsa until the imperial system was abolished during the February Revolution of 1917.
The term was intended to be pejorative in revolutionary newspapers, but adherents used it in their own literature. They traced the term back to the "black lands", where peasants, merchants, and craftsmen paid taxes to the government (lands owned by the nobility and church were called "white lands"), and the term "hundred" (sotnya) was used to refer to a feudal administrative division.
1285–1318), assumed the title basileus ton Ros, [12] as well as tsar. [13] Following his assertion of independence from the khan in 1476, Ivan III, the grand prince of Moscow (r. 1462–1505), adopted the title of sovereign of all Russia, and he later also started to use the title of tsar regularly in diplomatic relations with the West. [14]