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At the time, the tropical cyclone was the equivalent of a modern-day Category 2 hurricane with maximum winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 964 mbar (hPa; 28.47 inHg). [2] [4] The hurricane passed roughly the same distance from the Virginia coastline before abruptly recurving off to sea. [2]
It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity as a major Category 3 hurricane with 115-mile-per-hour (185 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar (28.64 inHg) as it made landfall at Cocodrie, Louisiana, that evening. Zeta continued on through Mississippi and parts of Alabama with hurricane-force winds.
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa ), which is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars , [ 1 ] 760 mm Hg , 29.9212 inches Hg , or 14.696 psi . [ 2 ]
Map of pressure systems across North America. A pressure system is a peak or lull in the sea level pressure distribution, a feature of synoptic-scale weather.The surface pressure at sea level varies minimally, with the lowest value measured 87 kilopascals (26 inHg) and the highest recorded 108.57 kilopascals (32.06 inHg).
The 1935 Labor Day hurricane, with a pressure of 892 mbar (hPa; 26.34 inHg), is the third strongest Atlantic hurricane and the strongest documented tropical cyclone prior to 1950. [11] Since the measurements taken during Wilma and Gilbert were documented using dropsonde, this pressure remains the lowest measured over land. [63]
The heaviest snow fell to the west of the low pressure center, which tracked from northeast Iowa through central Minnesota up to Lake Superior. [2] Sustained winds of 30–50 mph (48–80 km/h) with gusts from 70–90 mph (110–140 km/h) produced snowdrifts up to 20 feet (6 m) in some locations.
Inch of mercury (inHg and ″Hg) is a non-SI unit of measurement for pressure. It is used for barometric pressure in weather reports, refrigeration and aviation in the United States. It is the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 inch (25.4 mm) in height at the standard acceleration of gravity.
The most intense storm in terms of both barometric pressure and maximum sustained winds was Hurricane Carla in 1961, which also caused the most fatalities, with 46 deaths. [nb 1] The first storm to impact the state during the period was Tropical Storm How in October 1950, with the latest being Tropical Depression Twenty in September 1979. [1]