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The four venomous snake species responsible for causing the greatest number of medically significant human snake bite cases on the Indian subcontinent (majorly in India and Sri Lanka) are sometimes collectively referred to as the Big Four. They are as follows: [1] [2] Russell's viper, Daboia russelii; Common krait, Bungarus caeruleus; Indian ...
It may also lift its tail. It is reluctant to bite, but when it does, it typically holds on for a while, which enables it to inject considerable amounts of venom. It may become aggressive at night if threatened, since this is its active time. It is responsible for the second-highest number of snake bites in India for a single species.
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is a venomous snake in the family Viperidae native to South Asia. It was described in 1797 by George Shaw and Frederick Polydore Nodder. It is named after Patrick Russell. Known for its extremely painful bite, it is considered one of the most dangerous big four snakes in India.
An Indian man was bitten by a venomous snake while sleeping. Upon waking, he realized he was going to die so he reportedly bit his wife's wrist in an attempt to die together.
It is the longest venomous snake on the continent and is able to move at 11 kilometres per hour (6.8 mph), making it unusually dangerous. [23] Although black mambas cause only 0.5-1% of snakebites in South Africa, they produce the highest mortality rate and the species is responsible for many snake bite fatalities. The black mamba is the ...
Average venom yield per bite is 37 mg and a maximum yield of 97 mg. [164] Bites from red-bellied black snake are rarely life-threatening due to the snake usually choosing to inject little venom toxin, but are still in need of immediate medical attention. Rate of envenomation is 40–60%, but the untreated mortality rate is less than 1%.
The Oriental rat snake Ptyas mucosa is often mistaken for the Indian cobra; however, this snake is much longer and can easily be distinguished by the more prominent ridged appearance of its body. Other snakes that resemble Naja naja are the banded racer Argyrogena fasciolata and the Indian smooth snake Wallophis brachyura. [6]
The envenomation is the danger of the snakebite, and not the bite itself. [75] [76] The four snakes in India which account for most bites are the Indian cobra, common krait, Russell's viper, and saw-scaled viper. [77] Besides these four there are various other snakes which bite enough to require an organized medical response. [77]