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Pope Celestine IV (Latin: Caelestinus IV; c. 1180/1187 [1] − 10 November 1241), born Goffredo da Castiglione, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal ...
The 1241 papal election (21 September to 25 October) [1] saw the election of Cardinal Goffredo da Castiglione as Pope Celestine IV.The election took place during the first of many protracted sede vacantes of the Middle Ages, and like many of them was characterized by disputes between popes and the Holy Roman Emperor. [2]
Celestine IV COELESTINVS Quartus: Goffredo Castiglioni c. 1180–87 Free Commune of Milan, Holy Roman Empire: 54–61 / 54–61 Born as a citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Died before coronation. 180: 25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (11 years, 165 days) Innocent IV INNOCENTIVS Quartus: Sinibaldo Fieschi: c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa ...
Pope Celestine V (Latin: Caelestinus V; 1209/1210 or 1215 – 19 May 1296), born Pietro Angelerio (according to some sources Angelario, Angelieri, Angelliero, or Angeleri), also known as Pietro da Morrone, Peter of Morrone, and Peter Celestine, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for five months from 5 July to 13 December 1294, when he resigned.
After the death of Pope Nicholas IV on 4 April 1292, the eleven surviving cardinals (a twelfth died during the sede vacante) deliberated for more than two years before electing the third of six non-cardinals to be elected pope during the Late Middle Ages: Pietro da Morrone, who took the name Pope Celestine V. [1]
The 1243 papal election (16 May – 25 June) elected Cardinal Sinibaldo Fieschi of Genoa to succeed Pope Celestine IV. The conclave began after the Holy See had been vacant for 18 months and six days, therefore ca. May 16, 1243. There were nine cardinals present. Six votes were needed, therefore, for a canonical election.
A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to a beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found. Martyr popes This list is incomplete ; you can help by ...
Celestine II: Provides clergy ... Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem was an apostolic letter issued against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243 ...