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The functions of the kidney include maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of blood pressure; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.
Nephrology (from Ancient Greek nephros 'kidney' and -logy 'the study of') is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal ...
The work flow in a hospital laboratory is usually heaviest from 2:00 am to 10:00 am. Nurses and doctors generally have their patients tested at least once a day with common tests such as complete blood counts and chemistry profiles.
Urinalysis - After the patient provides a urine specimen, it is sent to the lab for analysis using a variety of methods including urine dipstick testing and microscopic examination. Because the kidney is responsible for making urine , analyzing the urine directly can provide crucial data that can help the physician diagnose nephritic syndrome ...
It affects some 3–7% of patients admitted to the hospital and approximately 25–30% of patients in the intensive care unit. [ 47 ] Acute kidney injury was one of the most expensive conditions seen in U.S. hospitals in 2011, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.7 billion for approximately 498,000 hospital stays. [ 48 ]
The laboratory evaluation usually follows that of a standard nephrology work up and will likely be targeted to a differential diagnosis. Studies focusing on mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis often use defined clinical criteria and histological criteria to select patients for research.
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work/week Average salary/hour (USD) Allergy and Immunology $298K Anesthesiology: $405K 59 Dermatology: $438K 44 103 Emergency medicine: $373K 44 180 Endocrinology $257K Cardiac surgery: 218,684 to $500,000 Cardiology $490K 55 Critical care $369K Infectious disease $260K Internal medicine: $264K 55 58 Family medicine: $255K 51 58 Nephrology ...